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not unlikely that this Gregory was the person appointed bishop, though Bollandus and Tillemont argue against their identity. His establishment at Alexandria was effected by military force, but Socrates, and Theophanes, who follows him, are probably wrong in making Syrianus commander of that force: he was the agent in establishing Gregory's .successor, George of Cappadocia,, [georgius, No* 7.] Athanasius escaped with considerable difficulty, being surprised in the church during 4ivine service.
. Very contradictory accounts are given of the conduct and fate of Gregory. If we may trust the statements of Athanasius, which have been collected by Tillemont, he was a violent persecutor, sharing in the outrages offered to the solitaries, virgins, and ecclesiastics of the Trinitarian party, and sitting on the tribunal by the side of the magistrates by whom the persecution was carried on, '.That considerable harshness was employed against the orthodox is clear, after making all reasonable deduction from the statements of Athanasius, whose position/as a party in the quarrel renders his evidence less trustworthy. The Arians had now the tipper hand, and evidently abused their predominance; though it may be judged from an expression of Athanasius (Encyc. ad Episcop. Epistola, c. 3), and from the fact that the orthodox party burnt the church of Dionysius at Alexandria, that their opponents were sufficiently violent. The close of Gregory's episcopate is involved, both as to its time and manner, in some doubts He was still in possession of the see at the time pf the council of Sar-dica, by which he was declared to: be not only no bishop, but no Christian, a. d. 347; but according to Athanasius, he died before the return of that prelate from his second exile, a. d. 349. He held the patriarchate, according to this account, about eight years.
Socrates and Sozomen agree in stating that he was deposed by the Arian party, apparently about A. d. 354, because he had become unpopular through the burning of the church of Bionysius, and other calamities caused by his appointment, and. because he was not strenuous enough in support of his party. The account of Theodoret, which is followed by Theophanes, appears, to have originated in some confusion of Gregory with his successor. (Athanasius, Encyc. ad Episcop, Epistola ,• Histor. Arian, ad Monachos, c. 31—18, 54, 75 ; Socrat. H. E. ii, 10, 11, 14 ; Sozom. H. E. iii. 5, 6,.7 ; Theodoret. H. E. ii. 4, 12 ; Phot. Bibl. Oodd. 257, 258 ; Philostorg. H. E. ii. 18; Theophanes, Chronog. vol. i» p. 54, 56, ed. Bonn; Tillemont, MemoireSj vol. viii.) ,- 4. anefonymus., [georgius, No. 41, perj-
PATETICUS.]
. 5. Of antioch, was originally a monk in one of the convents of Constantinople, or in a convent called the convent of the s Byzantines, which Va-lesius supposes to have been somewhere in Syria. Here he became eminent as an ascetic at an early age, and was chosen abbot of the convent. From Constantinople, he was removed by the emperor Justin II. to the abbacy of the convent of Mount Sinai. Here he was endangered by the Sceriite (or Bedouin) Arabs, who besieged the monastery ; but he succeeded in bringing them into peaceable relations to its inmates. On the deposition of Anastasius, patriarch of Antioch, about a. d. 570 or 571 (Baronius erroneously places it in 573), he
was appointed his successor ; and in that see, according to Evagrius, he acquired, by his charity to the poor and his fearlessness of the secular power, the respect both of the Byzantine emperor and the Persian king. When Chosroes I., or Khosru, in* vaded the Roman empire (a. d. 572), he sent the intelligence of his inroad to the emperor.
Anatolius, an intimate friend of Gregory, having been detected in the practice of magic, in sacrificing to heathen deities, and in other crimes, the populace of Antioch regarded the patriarch as the sharer of h;s guilt, and violently assailed him. The attention of the emperor Tiberius II. was drawn to the matter, and he ordered Anatolius to be sent to Constantinople, where he was put to the torture: but the culprit did not accuse Gregory .of any participation in his crimes, and was, after being tortured, put to death, being thrown to the wild beasts of the amphitheatre, and his body impaled or crucified.
Though delivered from this danger, Gregory soon incurred another. He quarrelled with Asterius, count of the East; and the nobles and populace, of Antioch took part against him, every one declaring that he had suffered some injury from him. He was insulted by the mob; and though Asterius was removed, his successor, Joannes or John, was scarcely less hostile. Being ordered to inquire into the disputes which had taken place, he invited any who had any charge against the bishop to prefer it; and Gregory was in consequence accused of incest with his,own sister, a married woman, and with being the author' of the disturbances in the city of Antioch. To the latter charge he expressed his willingness to plead before the tribunal of count John, but with respect to the charge of incest, he appealed to the judgment of the emperor, and of an ecclesiastical. council. In pursuance of this appeal he went to Constantinople, taking Evagrius, the ecclesiastical historian, with him as his advocate. This was about a. d. 589. [EvA GRius, No. 3.] A council of. the leading prelates was convened ; and Gregory, after a severe struggle with those opposed to him, obtained an acquittal, and returned to Antioch, the same year. When the mutinous soldiers of the army on the Persian frontier had driven away their general Prisons, and refused to receive and acknowledge Philippicus, whom the emperor Maurice had sent to succeed him [germanus, No.. 5], Gregory was sent, on account of his popularity with the troops, to bring them back to their duty: his address, which is preserved by Evagrius, was effectual, and the mutineers agreed to receive Philippicus, who was sent to them. When Chosroes .II. of Persia was compelled to seek refuge in the Byzantine empire (a. d. 590 or 591), Gregory was sent by the emperor to meet him. Gregory died of gout a. d. 593 or 594, having, there is reason to believe, previously resigned his see into the hands of the deposed patriarch Anastasius. He was an opponent of the Acephali, or disciples of Severus of Antioch, who were becoming numerous in the Syrian desert, and whom he either expelled or obliged to renounce their opinions. The extant works of Gregory are, 1. Arj/jLoyopta. irpos t&v ^rparov, Oratio ad Exer-dtum, preserved, as noticed above, by Evagrius, and given in substance by Nicephorus Callisti. 2. Aoyos els ras Mvpcxpopovs, Oratio in Mulieres Un-guentiferaS) preserved in the Greek Menaea, and .given in the Novum Aiictarium of Combefis, Paris, 1648, vol. i. p. 727. Both these pieces are in the
