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On this page: Painting (continued)

PAINTING.

445

perfect grace of the former with the severe accuracy of the latter.

After him the most famous artist was protogexes of Caunos. The following con­temporaries, some older and some younger than himself, deserve also to be mentioned: NicSmachus and Aris tides of Thebes, Euphranor of Corinth, Niclas of Athens, the Egyptian Antfphilus, Theon of Samos, and Aetion. After the age of Alexander, the art of paint­ing was characterized by a striving after naturalism, combined with a predilection for the representation of common, every-day scenes, and of still-life. This branch of painting was also carried to great perfection, and Plrajlcus was the most celebrated for it. Among painters of the loftier style the last noteworthy artist was TiMfiMACHUS of Byzantium. [For the ancient authorities on the history of Painting, see Overbeck's Schrift-quellen; c.mnp. Brunn's Kilnstler-geschichte, and Woermann's History of Painting, bk. ii.]

Among the Romans a few solitary names of early painters are mentioned, for in­stance. Fabius Pictor and the poet Pacuvius [Pliny, xxxv 19]; but nothing is known as to the value of their paintings, which

decoration [Vitruv. vii 5]. Indeed the love of display peculiar to the Romans, which had led them gradually to accumulate the principal works of the" old Greek masters at Rome as ornaments for their public and private edifices, brought about an extra-

(2) *STILL-LU'K. (Pompeii.)

ordinary development of decorative art, attested by the numerous mural paintings that have been found in Italy, chiefly at Pompeii and Herculaneum.

These paintings were mostly executed

(3) *ORPHKUS. (Casa Ai Orfeo, Pompeii.)

served to decorate buildings. The way in which landscapes were represented by a certain S. Tadius [or Ludius (?), ib. 116 ; the best MS has studio] in the reign of Augustus is mentioned as a novelty. These landscapes were mainly for purposes of

al fresco on damp stucco, seldom with colours in tempera on the dry surface. The principal subjects represented are figures from the world of myth, such as Maenads, Centaurs, male and female, Satyrs, etc.; scenes from mythology and heroic legends,