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V1H CONTENTS.

SECT. *AO»

25. Transition from Aristocracy to Oligarchy .... 79

26. Development of Constitutions in the fifth century ... 88

27. Development of Constitutions in the fourth century. . . 85 Appendix A. The formation of the united Athenian state . 89 Appendix B. The Athenian ytvtj and their importance in the

early Constitution . . . . . . . .95

CHAPTER IV. varieties of oligarchy.

28. Principles of Classification ....... 106

29. Aristotle's Division of Oligarchies ...... 107

30. Aristocracy of Birth and Land ....... Ill

31. Aristocracy of ' Original Settlers '...... 115

32. Aristocracy based on Conquest ...... 117

33. Aristocracy of the Kingly Family ...... 120

34. Aristocracy of Heads of Families ...... 122

35. ' Dynastic' Government ........ 124

36. Oligarchy of Wealth ......... 126

37. Oligarchy of'The Knights'and of'The Hoplites'. . . 182

38. Aristocracies and Oligarchies of Fixed Numher . . . 134

CHAPTER V. organisation op oligarchic government.

39. General Principles of Oligarchic Government .... 139

40. Powers of Magistrates, etc., in Oligarchies .... 142

41. Appointment and Qualification of Magistrates .... 144

42. Tenure and Responsibility of Magistrates. .... 149

43. Single Magistrates and Boards of Magistrates .... 152

44. Constitution of the Council ....... 157

45. Powers of the Council ........ 161

46. Subdivisions of the Council ....... 163

47. The Assembly .......... 165

48. Judicial Affairs. . . . . . . . . .170

49. Tribal divisions ......... 177

50. Class divisions in Aristocracies and Oligarchies . . . 181

51. Summary. .......... 187

Appendix C. The oligarchic revolution in Athens: the pro­ visional and the projected constitution .... 192

Index ........... 208